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Japanese manga series

"Rurouni" redirects here. For the related word of wandering samurai, see Rōnin.

Rurouni Kenshin
Rurouni Kenshin 28.png

Cover of the xx-eighth tankōbon book, featuring Himura Kenshin (front) and Kamiya Kaoru (back)
るろうに剣心 -明治剣客浪漫譚-
( Rurōni Kenshin -Meiji Kenkaku Roman Tan- )
Genre
  • Adventure[1]
  • Martial arts[ane]
  • Romance[1]
Manga
Written by Nobuhiro Watsuki
Published by Shueisha
English publisher

NA

Viz Media
Imprint Jump Comics
Magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump
Demographic Shōnen
Original run April 25, 1994 – September 21, 1999
Volumes 28 (List of volumes)
Manga
  • Restoration (2012–thirteen)
  • Master of Flame (2014)
  • The Hokkaido Arc (2017–present)
Anime
  • Anime television serial (1996–98)
  • The Motion Motion-picture show (1997)
Original video animations
  • Trust & Betrayal (1999)
  • Reflection (2001–02)
  • New Kyoto Arc (2011–12)
Live-action films
  • Rurouni Kenshin (2012)
  • Kyoto Inferno (2014)
  • The Legend Ends (2014)
  • The Final (2021)
  • The Start (2021)

Rurouni Kenshin: Meiji Swordsman Romantic Story (Japanese: るろうに剣心 -明治剣客浪漫譚-, Hepburn: Rurōni Kenshin -Meiji Kenkaku Roman Tan- ) [a] is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Nobuhiro Watsuki. The story begins during the 11th year of the Meiji period in Japan (1878) and follows a former assassinator from the Bakumatsu, known as Hitokiri Battosai. After his work against the bakufu, Hitokiri Battosai disappears to go Himura Kenshin: a wandering swordsman who protects the people of Nihon with a vow never to have another life. Watsuki wrote the series upon his desire to brand a shōnen manga dissimilar from the other ones that were published at the time, with Kenshin beingness a former assassin and the story taking a more than serious tone every bit it connected. The manga revolves around themes of atonement, peace, and romance.

The manga was serialized in Shueisha'south Weekly Shōnen Leap magazine from April 1994 to September 1999. The complete work consists of 28 tankōbon volumes, while years afterwards it was reprinted into 20-2 kanzenban volumes. Studio Gallop, Studio Deen and SPE Visual Works adapted the manga into an anime television series, which aired in Japan from Jan 1996 to September 1998. Besides an blithe feature picture, two series of original video animations (OVAs) were besides produced. The first adjusted stories from the manga that were not featured in the anime, while the 2nd was a sequel to the manga. Several art and guidebooks for Rurouni Kenshin take been published, and writer Kaoru Shizuka has authored three official light novels which were published by Shueisha. Many video games take also been released for the PlayStation, PlayStation 2, and PlayStation Portable consoles. A series of five alive-action theatrical films adaptations were released from 2012 to 2021. A second anime television series accommodation past Liden Films has been announced.

The manga, too as the first light novel and starting time guidebook, has received a complete North American release by Viz Media. Rurouni Kenshin is subtitled "Wandering Samurai" in some English versions.[2] The Rurouni Kenshin manga has over 72 million copies in circulation every bit of 2019, making it one of the best-selling manga series. The series has received praise from diverse publications for manga, anime and other media, with both having received a good response on the characters' designs and historical setting. In 2017, Watsuki began a directly sequel titled Rurouni Kenshin: The Hokkaido Arc in Jump Square.

Plot [edit]

The series takes place in 1878, eleven years after the beginning of the Meiji era.

In the early Meiji era, afterwards participating in the Boshin State of war as the assassinator "Hitokiri Battōsai", Himura Kenshin wanders the countryside of Japan with a opposite blade katana. He is offering protection and aid to those in need equally atonement for the murders he once committed. When arriving in Tokyo in the 11th yr of Meiji (1878), he meets a young adult female named Kamiya Kaoru, who is in the middle of a fight with a murderer - who claims to be the Hitokiri Battōsai - tarnishing the name of the swordsmanship schoolhouse that she teaches. Kenshin decides to help her and defeats the fake Battōsai. Subsequently discovering that Kenshin is the existent infamous assassinator, Kaoru offers him a place to stay at her dojo, noting that he is peace-loving and not common cold-hearted, as his reputation implies. Kenshin accepts and begins to establish lifelong relationships with many people such every bit Sagara Sanosuke, a sometime Sekihō Army fellow member; Myōjin Yahiko, an orphan from a samurai family who is also living with Kaoru every bit her student; and a doctor named Takani Megumi, caught in the opium merchandise. However, he as well deals with his fair share of enemies, new and sometime, including the former leader of the Oniwabanshū, Shinomori Aoshi.

After several months of living in the dojo, Kenshin faces a rival from the Bakumatsu turned police officer, Saitō Hajime. This claiming turns out to be a test to face his successor, Shishio Makoto, who plans to conquer Japan by destroying the Meiji Government, starting with Kyoto. Feeling that Shishio'due south faction may assail his friends, Kenshin meets Shishio alone to defeat him. However, many of his friends, including a young Oniwabanshū named Makimachi Misao, whom he meets in his travels, make up one's mind to help him in his fight. After his first meeting with him, Kenshin realizes he needs to get stronger to defeat Shishio without condign the cold assassin he was in the by and returns to the homo who taught him kenjutsu, Hiko Seijūrō, to larn the school'due south final technique. He finally accepts his friends' help and defeats Shishio in a close fight. After that, Shishio dies burning to ashes after passing the limit of his abnormal trunk condition. A reformed Shinomori stays in Kyoto with the surviving Oniwabanshū.

When Kenshin and his friends return to Tokyo, he finds Yukishiro Enishi, who plans to enact revenge. At this betoken, information technology is revealed that, during the Bakumatsu, Kenshin was to exist married to a adult female named Yukishiro Tomoe. She had initially wanted to avenge the death of her first fiancé, whom Kenshin had assassinated, but instead, they both roughshod in love, and she got proposed to. It is eventually revealed that Tomoe was related to Edo guards who wanted to impale Kenshin. They outwitted Tomoe later realizing her deception first and captured her to use every bit bait. Kenshin rushed to the rescue. Although the ambushers managed to injure him severely, Kenshin managed to kill nigh all of them and moved on. Then, in the final fight confronting the grouping leader, Kenshin accidentally kills Tomoe, who jumps in at the last second to assistance Kenshin create an opening to win the battle. Wanting to accept revenge for the expiry of his sis, Enishi kidnaps Kaoru and leaves backside a corpse doll bearing a stunning resemblance of her for Kenshin to observe and momentarily grieve over. Once discovering that Kaoru is alive, Kenshin and his friends ready out to rescue her. A final boxing between Kenshin and Enishi follows, and the onetime assassin emerges as the victor. Misao brings Tomoe'south diary to Enishi who keeps it in a village to hibernate aslope his missing male parent.

4 years later on, Kenshin has married Kaoru and has a son named Himura Kenji. Now at peace with himself, Kenshin gives his reverse-blade sword to Yahiko as a ceremonial souvenir.

Production [edit]

One-shots [edit]

Although the Shinsengmui with Saito's exception appear just in flashbacks, Watsuki was inspired to brand multiple of his characters as a reference to them.

A prototype series titled Rurouni: Meiji Swordsman Romantic Story appeared equally a pair of split up short stories published in 1992 and 1993.[3] [4] The first story, published in Dec 1992 in the Weekly Shōnen Jump Winter Special effect of 1993, featured an earlier version of Kenshin stopping a offense lord from taking over the Kamiya family dojo. Watsuki described the first Rurouni story, echoing the "Megumi Arc," every bit a "pilot" for Rurouni Kenshin. According to Watsuki, the terminal Rurouni Kenshin series was not composed entirely of his costless will. Describing the creation of historical stories as "hard," Watsuki initially wanted to brand his next series in a contemporary setting. An editor approached Watsuki and asked him to make a new historical story. With the historical concept, Watsuki intended to use the Bakumatsu catamenia from Moeyo Ken (Burn, O Sword) with a story alike to Sanshiro Sugata. Watsuki experimented with diverse titles, including Nishin (Ii-Hearts) Kenshin, Yorozuya (Jack-of-All-Trades) Kenshin, and variations of "Rurouni" and "Kenshin" with different kanji in that social club.[three]

The 2d Rurouni story, published in April 1993 in the Weekly Shōnen Bound 21–22 double result of that twelvemonth, featured Kenshin helping a wealthy girl named Raikōji Chizuru. Watsuki recalled experiencing difficulty when condensing "everything" into 31 pages for that story. He said that he "put all [his] soul into information technology" merely sighs when looking at it from his perspective later the publication of the Rurouni Kenshin Volume 1 graphic novel in Nippon. Watsuki describes that 2d Rurouni: Meiji Swordsman Romantic Story every bit receiving mediocre reviews and virtually ii hundred messages.[iv] He referred to it as a "side story."[three]

The design model for Hiko Seijuro, Kenshin'due south master, in Rurouni Kenshin is the grapheme of the aforementioned name from his ane-shot manga "Crescent Moon of the Warring States," but Watsuki also added some influences from Hiken Majin Hajerun in Takeshi Obata'south Arabian Lamp-Lamp. At the time, Watsuki said that he was fascinated by images of "manliness" and that Hiko is one of the showtime characters to reflect this fascination.[5] Since Watsuki's debut work contained a tall, blackness-haired man in "showy" armor, he wanted to brand a character "completely opposite" to the debut character; the new character ended upwards "coming out like a girl". According to Watsuki, he used "no existent motif" when creating Kenshin and placed a cross-shaped scar on his confront "not knowing what else to exercise." Like several characters, Kenshin was influenced the Shinsengumi with Kenshin being affected by Okita Sōji and Saitō Hajime in order to requite him an air of mystery.[6]

Publication and influences [edit]

The concluding scene of the Kyoto arc was influenced by the animated adaptation due to its focus of the wanderer Kenshin being accepted in Kaoru'southward dojo.

During his childhood, Watsuki used to practice kendo, which influenced his making of the serial. Although Watsuki adult various one-shots before the official serialization from the series. While naming the characters, he based some of their names from places he used to alive such a Makimachi Misaos'south "Makimachi" and Sanjō Tsubame, who are named after places from Niigata.[seven]

When the manga series started to be published in Weekly Shōnen Bound, Watsuki had little promise in the evolution of the series. He planned to end the story in approximately 30 chapters, ending with Kenshin's divergence from Tokyo similarly to the ane from book 7. Kenshin's enemies would have been people from Kyoto who would transport an assassin to kill Kenshin. When the Oniwabanshū were introduced during the serialization, Watsuki noted that the serial could be longer as he had created various main characters. In that time, at that place was a survey, and the series had become very pop.[viii]

For its seventh book, Watsuki's boss suggested to him that it was time to brand a longer story-arc, which resulted in the creation of the fights between Kenshin and Shishio Makoto. The arc was only meant to be serialized for one year, but it ended upwards beingness one year-and-a-half-long. This arc was likewise done to develop Kenshin'south character as he considered him not to accept a weak point. Watsuki commented that his artistic skills were honed with this arc, as he could describe everything he wanted to. The last arc from the manga was meant to be much shorter, simply it turned out to exist a fairly long i as he could not present it simplistically. Watsuki originally fabricated this arc prior to the serial' outset, having already thought well-nigh how would Kenshin'due south scar had been made.[viii] Because of the dark style of the Kyoto arc, Watsuki created the comical Mikimachi Misao in social club to dissimilarity Kenshin's serious side.[nine]

Existence fascinated by the Shinsengumi, Watsuki designed the characters by basing their characteristics to that of the real Shinsengumi members and also used fictional representation of them and other historical characters from the Bakumatsu period of Japan.[10] [xi] The historical characters were considered to exist a hard task past Watsuki. Due to problems with the characterization from Sagara Sōzō, Watsuki decided to illustrate Saitō Hajime in his ain style fugitive the historical figure. He felt very good with Saitō's character having noted he fit very well in the manga.[8] Nonetheless, Watsuki mentioned that many Japanese fans of the Shinsengumi complained about the personality of Saitō, as he was made sadistic.[10] Additionally, the concluding shot of Kenshin returning to Kaoru'south dojo was inspired past the final shot of the Rurouni Kenshin anime's offset opening theme:"Sobakasu" by Judy and Mary.[12]

In final arc of the manga, Watsuki wanted to make the five comrades in this storyline equally "scum-like" equally possible. Only considering he created villains with no ethics or beliefs, this fabricated it difficult to portray them equally an enjoyable read.[13] The story took a darker tone equally most of the characters believed Kaoru was killed past Yukishiro Enishi which fabricated Kenshin question his own mode of living and escape to a hamlet of wanderers. Watsuki did not enjoy malaise in Kenshin so his friend Myōjin Yahiko took the identify as the series' protagonist until Kenshin recovers.[viii] Even though the plot for the "remembrance episodes" of Kenshin's by was already set earlier serialization started, which was three and a half years before her debut, Watsuki was filled with regrets in how he portrayed Yukishiro Tomoe for unspecified reasons.[14] The terminal villains, the Sū-shi,due north had no personality models and were created simply to "fill out the numbers." As the story advanced towards Kenshin'south last boxing, Watsuki realized that the other characters would take no "glamour" and created the Sū-shin on the spot.[xv]

Ending [edit]

Watsuki as well had ideas to create a "Hokkaido episode, a sequel" but wanted to first a new manga and so ended Rurouni Kenshin with the final arc he fabricated.[16] In 2012, Watsuki revealed that when he clashed with the editorial staff at the end of the series, his editor Hisashi Sasaki understood his intentions and saw that he was at his physical limit and backed him up. He said information technology was out of respect and appreciation for the readers that he ended the popular serial while it was still popular.[17] Nevertheless, Watsuki was happy with how he concluded Rurouni Kenshin. He felt it was a good identify to end the narrative. In contrast, well-nigh series go on existence pushed and pushed until they lose popularity and exist canceleld. Watsuki was glad Rurouni Kenshin did non end like this.[18]

For the serial' ending, Watsuki conceived new designs with potential of a sequel in the future. Initially, Watsuki had planned to make Kenshin's hair shorter earlier the stop; however, he institute this to be similar to the graphic symbol Multi in To Middle. Additionally, Himura Kenji was introduced in the finale every bit the son of Kenshin and Kaoru; fifty-fifty though the graphic symbol was "platitude" Watsuki felt that Kenji had to announced.[19] An elder Sanosuke was drafted past Watsuki to announced in the manga'southward finale but this idea was scrapped. In the manga's final story arc, the design was used for Sanosuke's father, Higashidani Kamishimoemon.[20] The author added that he felt zipper towards Enishi and that he would someday similar to use Enishi in a future piece of work.[21]

Another idea explored for a sequel was the handling of Yahiko as teenager. Watsuki had redesigned his appearance. He wanted Yahiko to impress manga readers and so that he could exist a protagonist for a possible series sequel. He said this goal influenced his design of Yahiko, with Kenshin's physical appearance as well as Sanosuke's personality. He added Sanosuke's kanji of "evil" ( 惡 , aku ) to the back of his clothes, and was pleased that various readers recognized it. Although he suggested he was not going to make a sequel, he said the main characters would be Yahiko, Sanjō Tsubame and Tsukayama Yutarō. Watsuki idea nigh writing a story in which Yahiko and Tsubame would have a son, Myōjin Shin'ya, who would become a skilled swordsman.[22]

Themes [edit]

The serial' main theme is responsibleness as seen through Kenshin'south activity as he wants to atone for all the people he killed during the Bakumatsu past aiding innocent people by wielding a non-lethal sword.[23] Marco Olivier from the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University said that the sakabatō symbolizes Kenshin'due south oath not to impale again which has been found challenging by other warriors appearing in the series.[24] This theme also encourages former drug dealer Takani Megumi into becoming a medico upon learning of Kenshin's past and actions. Another theme is power, which is mostly seen past Sagara Sanosuke and Myojin Yahiko. However, like Megumi, these ii characters are also influenced past the main character equally they wish to become stronger to assist Kenshin across the plot. Additionally, the serial discourages revenge as seen in the terminal arc when Yukishiro Enishi believes he succeeded in getting his revenge on Kenshin just starts having hallucinations of his late sister with a sad expression on her face.[23] As an "outlet" for Watsuki'due south kendo emotions, Yahiko "knows a hurting that hero-types like Himura Kenshin and Sagara Sanosuke tin can never know".[25] As a result, Yahiko was made a stronger character little past little to relate with the demography. eventually giving him a stronger characterization during the Kyoto arc which surprised his readers.[26]

When questioned about the series' theme being Kenshin'due south self-redemption, Watsuki mentioned that when he was young, he used to read shōjo manga and that information technology influenced his writing of Rurouni Kenshin. He added that he wanted to make a story different from other comics as he considers the main character Kenshin is neither a adept nor evil grapheme. Since volume seven, Watsuki mentioned the series took a more developed tone due to the various conflicts in the story but commented it was influenced by the shōjo manga he read. Through the series' development, Watsuki was deciding if Kamiya Kaoru's graphic symbol was going to die before the finish. However, he after decided to keep Kaoru alive equally he came to the determination he wanted a happy ending and that the manga is aimed at young readers.[8] In The Oxford Handbook of American Folklore and Folklife Studies, Kenshin is regarded as a "far cry" from American superheroes due to his androgynous look and selfdeprecating personality. Notwithstanding, the character is said to be relatable to the Eastern audience through Kenshin's quest of redemption, which is called as the main theme of the manga. The manga is further noted to have a balance between individualism and customs.[27]

Watsuki said he was an "infatuated" blazon of person rather than a "passionate" kind of person, therefore Rurouni Kenshin is a "Meiji Swordsman Story" equally opposed to being a "Meiji Love Story."[28] Co-ordinate to the book Bringing Forth a Earth: Engaged Pedagogy in the Japanese Academy the manga reflects the confusion of the Japanese order after the big economy disenchantment in the early 1990s. In confronts visualizations of Japanese education in a manner that contrasts school books peculiarly because of the series' young census.[29] Since the manga focuses on realism but is aimed towards young readers, the series is notable for irresolute the portrayals of samurais in order to create a more optimistic take in comparison to real life events. The unique accept on Kenshin's handling gave the manga the concept of "neo shonen" due to how dissimilar information technology was from previous Weekly Shonen Spring series.[30]

Release [edit]

Written and illustrated by Nobuhiro Watsuki, Rurouni Kenshin was serialized in Shueisha'southward shōnen manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Bound from Apr 25, 1994,[31] [32] to September 21, 1999.[33] [34] [b] The 255 individual chapters were collected and published in 28 tankōbon volumes past Shueisha, with the first book released on September nine, 1994, and the terminal on November 4, 1999.[36] [37] They re-released the serial in a 22-volume kanzenban edition betwixt July iv, 2006, and May 2, 2007.[38] [39] Shueisha published a 14-volume bunkoban edition between January 18, 2012, and July 18, 2012.[40] [41] A single chapter follow up to the series that follows the character of Yahiko Myōjin, Yahiko no Sakabato ( 弥彦の逆刃刀 , Yahiko's Sakabatō), was originally published in Weekly Shōnen Jump in 2000 afterward the decision of the serial. Left out of the original volumes, it was added equally an actress to the last kanzenban release.[39]

In December 2011, Shueisha announced Watsuki would be putting his current series, Embalming -The Some other Tale of Frankenstein-, on hold to begin a "reboot" of Rurouni Kenshin, called Rurouni Kenshin: Restoration, as a necktie-in to the live-activeness movie. The series began in the June 2012 issue of Jump Square, which was released on May ii, 2012,[42] and ended in the July 2013 issue on June 4, 2013.[43] The reboot depicts the battles that are featured in the offset live-action film. Some other special titled Rurouni Kenshin: Meiji Swordsman Romantic Story: Chapter 0, was published in Weekly Shōnen Jump in August 2012 equally a prologue to Restoration and included in its first volume.[44] In 2014, Watsuki wrote a two-chapter spin-off titled Rurouni Kenshin: Chief of Flame for Jump SQ., which tells how Shishio met Yumi and formed the Juppongatana.[45] [46] [47]

Watsuki and his wife, Kaworu Kurosaki, collaborated on a two chapter spinoff titled Rurouni Kenshin Side Story: The Ex-Con Ashitaro for the ninth ceremony of Jump SQ. in 2016.[48] It acts every bit a prologue to the Rurouni Kenshin: The Hokkaido Arc, which began in September 2017 as a sequel to the original manga series. In 2021, Watsuki created the manga "Sakabatō Shogeki" ( 逆刃刀 初撃 , "Reverse-Blade Katana: First Bout") that was exclusively shown at an exhibition celebrating the 25th ceremony of Rurouni Kenshin. Information technology serves equally an epilogue to chapter 81 of the original manga and shows the outset fourth dimension Kenshin used his sakabatō.[49]

Rurouni Kenshin was licensed for an English language release in N America by Viz Media. The first volume of the serial was released on Oct vii, 2003.[50] Although the first volumes were published on an irregular ground, since volume 7 Viz established a monthly footing due to good sales and consumer demands.[51] Therefore, the following volumes were published until July 5, 2006, when the concluding book was released.[52] Yahiko no Sakabatō was also published in English Shonen Jump during 2006.[53] Betwixt January 29, 2008, and March xvi, 2010, Viz re-released the manga in a nine-volume autobus format chosen "Viz Big Edition", which collects three volumes in one.[54] [55] The ninth and final volume includes Yahiko no Sakabato and Cherry Blossoms in Spring.[55] They released a like "iii-in-1 Edition" beyond 9 volumes between January 3, 2017, and Jan 1, 2019.[56] [57] Viz uses the actual ordering of Japanese names, with the family name or surname before the given proper name, within the series to reduce defoliation and because Rurouni Kenshin is a historical series.[58]

Adaptations [edit]

Anime serial [edit]

An anime television series adaptation of Rurouni Kenshin, produced by SPE Visual Works and Fuji TV, animated past Studio Gallop (episode 1 to 66) and Studio Deen (episode 67 to 95),[59] [60] [61] and directed by Kazuhiro Furuhashi, was broadcast in Japan on Fuji Idiot box from Jan 10, 1996, to September 8, 1998.[62]

A second anime television series adaptation by Liden Films was announced at the Jump Festa '22 event on December 19, 2021.[63]

Animated moving-picture show [edit]

An anime film with an original story, titled Rurouni Kenshin: The Motion Moving-picture show ( るろうに剣心 -明治剣客浪漫譚- 維新志士への鎮魂歌 , Rurouni Kenshin: Ishin Shishi due east no Chinkonka , lit. Rurouni Kenshin: Requiem for Isshin Patriots), also known as Rurouni Kenshin: Requiem for Patriots, originally released in North America equally Samurai X: The Motion Movie, premiered in Japan on December 20, 1997.[64]

Original video animations [edit]

A 4-episode original video animation (OVA), titled Rurouni Kenshin: Trust & Betrayal, which served as a prequel to the anime television series, was released in Japan in 1999.[65]

A two-episode OVA, titled Rurouni Kenshin: Reflection, which served as a sequel to the anime idiot box series, was released in Nihon from 2001 to 2002.[66] [67]

A 2-episode OVA, Rurouni Kenshin: New Kyoto Arc, which remade the series' Kyoto arc, was released in Nihon from 2011 to 2012.[68] [69]

Live-action films [edit]

Five live-action films have been released theatrically. The alive-activeness picture accommodation of Rurouni Kenshin was announced on June 28, 2011.[lxx] Produced by Warner Bros., with actual film production done by Studio Swan, the films were directed by Keishi Ōtomo and star Takeru Satoh (of Kamen Rider Den-O fame) as Kenshin, Munetaka Aoki as Sanosuke Sagara and Emi Takei as Kaoru.[71] The start film, titled Rurouni Kenshin, was released on August 25, 2012, in Japan.[72] In August 2013, it was announced that two sequels were beingness filmed simultaneously for release in 2014. Rurouni Kenshin: Kyoto Inferno and Rurouni Kenshin: The Legend Ends adjust the Kyoto arc of the manga.[73] [74] [75] On April 12, 2019, information technology was appear that two new live-action films will suit the Remembrance/Tenchu & Jinchu arcs.[76] The films, titled Rurouni Kenshin: The Last and Rurouni Kenshin: The Showtime, premiered in 2021.

Phase shows [edit]

In 2016, the Takarazuka Revue performed a musical accommodation of the manga called Rurouni Kenshin: Meiji Swordsman Romantic Story. The show ran from February to March, and starred Seina Sagiri equally Kenshin and Miyu Sakihi as Kaoru.[77] The musical was written and directed by Shūichirō Koike.

In 2018, a stage play accommodation was performed in Shinbashi Enbujō theater in Tokyo and Shōchikuza theater in Osaka. Seina Sagiri returned to play equally Kenshin while Moka Kamishiraishi play as Kaoru. Kanō Sōzaburō, an original character introduced in the previous musical, fabricated a render advent played by Mitsuru Matsuoka. Shūichirō Koike returned as the director and the script writer of the play.[78]

In 2020, a stage musical adaptation of the manga'south Kyoto arc was scheduled to be held from Nov to December 2020 in IHI Stage Around Tokyo. Starring Teppei Koike as Himura Kenshin and Mario Kuroba every bit the adversary Makoto Shishio, Shūichirō Koike returned as managing director and script writer of the play.[79] This phase musical was cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic.[80]

Art and guidebooks [edit]

Two encyclopedias of the Rurouni Kenshin manga were released in Japan. The first one, Rurouni Kenshin Profiles ( 原典 ), was released beginning in Japan on July 4, 1996, by Shueisha and in the United States by Viz Media on November 1, 2005.[81] [82] Kenshin Kaden ( 剣心華伝 ), released on Dec 15, 1999, includes the story Haru no Sakura ( 春の桜 , lit."Cherry Blossoms in Jump"), which details the fates of all of the Rurouni Kenshin characters. The story takes place years after the manga'due south conclusion, when Kenshin and Kaoru have married and accept a young son, Kenji. Many of the serial' major characters who have befriended Kenshin reunite or otherwise reveal their current whereabouts with him in a jump picnic.[83] For the anime, three Kenshin Soushi artbook were published from 1997 to 1998. While the beginning 2 were based on the Boob tube serial, the 3rd one was based on the film. The moving-picture show one was named Ishin Shishi no Requiem Art Volume and was released along with the picture.[84] [85] [86] Besides released was Rurouni-Art Book, which contained images from the OVAs. A guidebook from the kanzenban imprint of the series was published on June iv, 2007.[87]

Light novels [edit]

The Rurouni Kenshin lite novels were published by Shueisha'south Leap J-Books line and co-written by Kaoru Shizuka. About of them are original stories which were later adjusted in the anime. Others are adaptations of manga and anime stories.The very beginning novel, Rurouni Kenshin: Voyage to the Moon World, which was published in Japan on October 10, 1996, and in North America on October 17, 2006, details another take a chance involving the return of Tales of the Meiji Season three'south Beni-Aoi Arc characters like Kaishu Katsu & the Kamiya Dojo'south third pupil Daigoro.[88] [89] The second, Yahiko's Boxing, was released on October 3, 1997. It retells various stories featured in the manga and anime series.[90] The 3rd novel, TV Anime Shimabara Arc, was published on February 4, 1999.[91] A novel accommodation of Rurouni Kenshin Cinema-ban, titled Rurouni Kenshin -Ginmaku Sōshihen- ( るろうに剣心 ―銀幕草紙変― ) and written by Watsuki'southward married woman Kaoru Kurosaki, which was released on September 4, 2012, is a Japanese calorie-free novel version of America's Restoration's New Kurogasa (Jin-E) Arc mangas featuring Banshin & a dissimilar younger Gein. Both are Ishin members of Enishi'south squad of the Jinchu/Tenchu (Judgment of Earth/Heaven) portions of the Enishi saga in the main plot manga series.[92]

Video games [edit]

There are five Rurouni Kenshin games released for the PlayStation panel. The first, Rurouni Kenshin: Meiji Kenkaku Romantan: Ishin Gekitōhen ( るろうに剣心 -明治剣客浪漫譚- 維新激闘編 ) was released on Nov 29, 1996. It was developed by ZOOM Inc. The game is a 3D fighter game with 5 playable characters, while the plot focuses in the first 7 volumes from the manga.[93] The second one, Rurouni Kenshin: Meiji Kenkaku Romantan: Jūyūshi Inbō Hen ( るろうに剣心 -明治剣客浪漫譚- 十勇士陰謀編 - The Ten Warrior Conspiracy ) was released on December 18, 1997, and was re-released in the PlayStation The Best lineup on November five, 1998. The game is a role-playing video game with a story unrelated to either the manga or anime.[94]

Rurouni Kenshin: Meiji Kenkaku Romantan: Enjō! Kyōto Rinne ( るろうに剣心 -明治剣客浪漫譚- 炎上!京都輪廻 ) is the only video game for the PlayStation ii console. Its Japanese release was slated for September 13, 2006.[95] The game has sold over 130,000 copies in Nippon.[96] A 2D fighting game titled Rurouni Kenshin: Meiji Kenkaku Romantan: Saisen ( るろうに剣心 -明治剣客浪漫譚- 再閃 ) was released for the PlayStation Portable on March ten, 2011, in Japan.[97] [98] On August thirty, 2012, a sequel, Rurouni Kenshin: Meiji Kenkaku Romantan: Kansen ( るろうに剣心 -明治剣客浪漫譚- 完醒 ), was released.[99]

Himura Kenshin as well appears in the 2005 and 2006 Nintendo DS games Jump Super Stars and Jump Ultimate Stars as a battle grapheme, while others were back up characters and assist characters.[100] Kenshin and Shishio appear equally playable characters in the 2014 PlayStation iii and PlayStation Vita game J-Stars Victory VS,[101] [102] and in the 2019 game Spring Force for Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One.[103]

Trade [edit]

Watsuki commented that there was a lot of Rurouni Kenshin trade released for the Japanese market. He recommended that buyers consider quality earlier paying for merchandise items and for them to consult their wallets and buy stuff that they feel is "worth it." Watsuki added that he liked the epitome for a stuffed Kenshin doll for the UFO catcher devices.[104]

Reception [edit]

Sales [edit]

Rurouni Kenshin has been highly popular, having sold over 55 meg tankōbon copies in Japan alone up until February 2012, making it ane of Shueisha's pinnacle x best-selling manga serial.[105] In 2014, it was reported that the series had 70 million tankōbon copies in circulation.[106] As of December 2019, the manga had over 72 1000000 copies in circulation, including digital releases.[107] Volume 27 of the manga ranked second in the Viz Bookscan Top Ten during June 2006,[108] while volume 21 and xx ranked 2d and tenth, respectively, in the Top 10 Graphic Novels of Viz of 2005.[109] Rurouni Kenshin book 24 besides ranked in 116th position in the USA Today's best selling book listing for the calendar week ending February 26, 2006.[110] During the 3rd quarter from 2003, Rurouni Kenshin ranked at the top of ICv2's Top 50 Manga Backdrop.[111] In the same poll from 2005, it was featured at the top once again based on sales from English volumes during 2004.[112] In the Top Ten Manga Backdrop from 2006 from the aforementioned site, information technology ranked ninth.[113] On Idiot box Asahi'southward Manga Sōsenkyo 2021 poll, in which 150.000 people voted for their tiptop 100 manga series, Rurouni Kenshin ranked 31st.[114]

Disquisitional response [edit]

The manga has received praise and criticism from diverse publications. Mania Entertainment writer Megan Lavey found that the manga had a expert balance between character development, comedy and action scenes. The artwork of Watsuki was said to take improved as the series continued, noting that characters also had reactions during fights.[115] [116] Steve Raiteri from Library Journal praised the serial for its characters and battles. Nevertheless, he noted some fights were besides violent, so he recommended the serial to older teenagers likewise every bit adults.[117] Surat described the series as an case of a "neo-shōnen" serial, where a shōnen series also appeals to a female person audition; Surat stated that in such series, graphic symbol designs are "pretty" for female person audiences, but non also "girly" for male person audiences. Surat cited Shinomori Aoshi and Seta Sōjirō, characters who ranked highly in popularity polls fifty-fifty though, in Surat's view, Aoshi does not engage in "meaningful" battles, and Sōjirō is a "child." Surat explained that Aoshi appears "similar a Clamp graphic symbol wearing Gambit's coat and Sōjirō always smiles despite the abuse inflicted upon him.[118] Surat said that the character designs for the anime boob tube serial were "toughened up a bit." He added that the budget for animation and music was "top-notch" considering Sony produced the budget.[119] Watsuki's writing involving romance and Kenshin's psychological hidden weakpoints also earned positive response past other sites with AnimeNation also comparing information technology to Clamp's X based on the multiple elements the series.[120] [121] In general, Mania found Watsuki's art appealing as well as its development across the twenty-eight volumes every bit information technology made female characters more bonny while the male characters seem simpler while retaining the early handome looks.[122]

Every bit a result of the series taking a darker tone in later story arcs with Kenshin facing new threats and at the same time his Battosai self, Kat Kan from Vocalism of Youth Advocates recommended it to older teens. Kan likewise found that the anime viewers will also savor Watsuki's drawings due to the fashion he illustrates battles.[123] This is mostly noted in the "Kyoto arc" where Mania Entertainment author Megan Lavey applauded the fight between Himura Kenshin and anti-hero Saito Hajime which acts as prologue of such narrative.[116] Mania remarks the build up Aoshi, Saito and other characters bring to the story due to how they similar goals in the aforementioned arc with newcomer Misao helping to balance the style by bringing more than comical interactions with the protagonist.[124] Although the site Manga News enjoyed Seta Sojiro's fight and how it connected with Shishio's past, they said sixteenth manga'southward best part was Kenshin's fight against Shishio due to the build upwardly and symbolism the ii characters have.[125] The eventual climax led further praise based on how menacing Shishio is shown in the boxing against his predecessor although he questioned if Kenshin had been a superior enemy if had kept back his original killer persona.[126]

Critics expressed mixed opinions in regards to the last arc. Zac Bertschy from Anime News Network (ANN) praised the story from the manga, but noted that by book eighteen of the serial, Watsuki started to echo the same blazon of villains who were united to impale Kenshin similar to Trigun. Although he praised Watsuki'south characters, he commented that some of them needed some consistency due to various "bizarre" antagonists.[127] Due to Kaoru, Kenshin and Sanosuke missing from the last arc during the Jinchu arc, Manga News described Aoshi as the star of the series' 24th volume due to how he explores the mysteries backside Enishi's revenge and his subsequent actions that made him stand out most notably because he had been absent-minded for multiple chapters.[128] IGN reviewer A.Due east. Sparrow liked the manga's ending, praising how the storylines are resolved, and how nearly of the supporting bandage end up. He also praised the series' characters, remarking that Kenshin "belongs in whatsoever pinnacle 10 of manga heroes."[129] Otaku U.s. reviewer Daryl Surat said that the manga's quality was good until the "Revenge Arc," where he criticized the storyline and the new characters.[130] Carlo Santos from the same site, praised Enishi and Kenshin'southward concluding fight despite finding the ending predictable.[131] While besides liking their final showdown, Megan Lavey from Mania Entertainment felt that twist that happens presently afterward battle is over serves to show Enishi'due south longlife trauma but at the same time Kenshin'southward compassion towards others.[122]

Cultural affect [edit]

Before becoming an official manga author, Masashi Kishimoto decided he should endeavour creating a Chanbara manga since Weekly Shōnen Jump had non published a championship from that genre. However, during his years of college, Kishimoto started reading Hiroaki Samura'due south Bract of the Immortal and Rurouni Kenshin which used the said genre. Kishimoto recalls having never been surprised by manga ever since reading Akira and found that he nonetheless was not able to compete against them.[132] Hideaki Sorachi cited Rurouni Kenshin as a major source of inspiration for his manga serial Gin Tama. He likewise said numerous other historical manga were influenced by Rurouni Kenshin, stating that the "reason why historical stories are existence dealt with in all sorts of manga and game media today, and why they are being supported by the younger generation, is undoubtedly because" of "Ruroken" and that they "are all children of" the "Ruroken" bloodline.[133]

Upon the anime's 25th anniversary in January 2021, Rurouni Kenshin received congratulatory messages from 15 manga authors, including Nobuyuki Anzai (MÄR, Flame of Recca), Riichiro Inagaki (Eyeshield 21, Dr. Stone), Eiichiro Oda (One Piece), Takeshi Obata (Expiry Note, Hikaru no Go), Masashi Kishimoto (Naruto, Samurai 8), Mitsutoshi Shimabukuro (Toriko, Build King), Shinya Suzuki (Mr. Fullswing), Hideaki Sorachi (Gintama), Hiroyuki Takei (Shaman Rex), Yasuhiro Nightow (Trigun), Kazuhiro Fujita (Ushio and Tora), Yūsei Matsui (Bump-off Classroom) and Kentaro Yabuki (Black Cat, To Dearest Ru).[134] Following the anniversary, Oda told Watsuki that Rurouni Kenshin is popular thanks to Watsuki's loyalty to his fans.[135] Some other of Watsuki'southward assistant, Hiroyuki Takei, exchanged ideas with Oda and his mentor to make his own manga, Shaman King.[136] Kenshin's characterization was likewise compared with the lead of Shaman King, Yoh Asakura, due to their strict pacifism while the former dark side was linked with Yoh'south spirit partner, the samurai Amidamaru.[137] The lead of the manga Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba, Tanjiro Kamado, was besides influenced by Kenshin's design every bit the writer combined the character'southward androgynous design with a scar like to Kenshin's in order to residuum it properly for the audience.[138]

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ "Rurouni" is a word created by the writer past blending the words 流浪 (rurō "wandering") and 浪人 (rōnin "masterless samurai", literally "wanderer"), and it is spelled in kanji inside the manga equally 流 ( る ) 浪 ( ろう ) 人 ( に ) . A crude translation of the whole title would be "Kenshin the Wandering Masterless Samurai: Meiji Swordsman, a collection of Romantic Folk Tales."
  2. ^ Weekly Shōnen Jump #43 of 1999 (comprehend date October 4) was released on September 21; the outcome where Naruto made its debut.[35]

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Further reading [edit]

  • "Rurouni Kenshin, vol. ane". Voice of Youth Advocates. E Fifty Kurdyla Publishing LLC. 29 (5): 399. 2006-12-01. ISSN 0160-4201.
  • "OPINION: Japanese fiction holds life lesson". Quay Canton Sun (Tucumcari, NM). McClatchy-Tribune Information Services. 2011-03-fifteen.
  • Dennys, Harriet (2005-11-11). "Big in Japan, America and at present the UK: manga novels are moving from niche status into the UK mainstream.(GRAPHIC NOVELS: MANGA)". The Bookseller. The Nielsen Company (5204): S10(2). ISSN 0006-7539.
  • "Publications of the week.(book lists )". The Bookseller. The Nielsen Visitor (5173): 39(xiii). 2005-04-08. ISSN 0006-7539.

External links [edit]

  • Official Shueisha Rurouni Kenshin manga website (in Japanese)
  • Rurouni Kenshin at Viz Media
  • Rurouni Kenshin (manga) at Anime News Network'southward encyclopedia

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rurouni_Kenshin

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